Examination and testing of mullite (3Al2O 3 .2SiO2 ) and (Fe) powder.
1.1 Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to familiarize the student with a simple examination and
testing techniques of powders and getting the properties of the powder and their
effect on the processing characteristics.
1.2 Introduction:
The processing characteristics of a powder
are related to its particle and bulk characteristics. Testing can be of a
restricted nature, involving only such simple test as microscopic examination,
flow bulk density and sieving tests etc.
Mullite is a rare silicate mineral of post
clay genesis. Mullite has no charge balancing cations present.
1.3 Applications of mullite:
1) Mullite is used for refractory
applications like the lining of furnaces.
2) It is also used in electrode parts.
3) It is used as kiln furniture.
4) bricks for the glass industry.
Iron the powder is formed as a whole from several other iron particles. The particle
sizes vary anywhere from 20-200 mu.m. The iron properties differ depending
on the production method and history of a specific iron powder.
1.4 Applications of Iron
Powder:
1) Iron powder is used as automobile parts.
2) It is used in different engine parts. such cam
shaft pulley crankshaft pulley, pulley Crank, bearing Valve
seat
3) 3) It is also used in different seats and door
parts, Seat lifter cam set, door mirror plate clutch, Striker, Slider.
4) It is used in transmission parts.
5)
Steering
parts, suspension, and brake parts
6) Machine parts, Hand Warmers, High
strength/wear-resistant parts,
a. Magnetic materials
1.5 Apparatus used:
1) Mullite powder
2) Iron powder
3) Weighting balance
4) Filter paper
5) Gloss sintered paper
6) Test tube(5cm3,10cm3)
7) 100ml Measuring
cylinders
8) Mask
9) Printing paper
1.6 Procedure:
Examination
and testing of powders (mullite &iron) and Perform the following tests on
mullite and iron powder provided to you.
1. Visual test
2. Tactile test
3. Adhesion test
4. Flow test
5. Packing test
6. Sedimentation test
1.
Sieve analysis:
Carefully examine the particle dimensions. We did Sieve
Analysis by just taking two sieves
having mesh no 100, 53 and a pan having
zero mesh number sieves taking from,
Model:
ASTM E11
Observation and Calculation:
Mulite powder:
Page
Weight =2.6g
Page + powder
weight=17.6g
Final powder
weight=15g
Iron powder:
Page
weight = 2.6g
Page+ powder weight=7.6g
Final powder
weight=5g
Observation and Calculation
Mullite powder Iron powder
|
Sr. no |
Mesh size ( micron) |
Weight
retained |
|
1 |
100 |
1.6g |
|
2 |
53 |
2.6g |
|
3 |
0 |
10.6g |
|
Weight Loss |
|
0.8g |
|
Sr. no |
Mesh size (micron) |
Weight retained |
|
1 |
100 |
0.01g |
|
2 |
53 |
0.9g |
|
3 |
0 |
3.9g |
|
Weight loss |
|
0.19g |
2. Tactile Test:
Rub a sample of powder between finger and thumb; if
gritty the powder is possible of sieve size, for a flour-like smooth quality
the powder is composed of particle finer than 10-micron diameter. Note any
adhesion of powder to the finger, which suggests a fine, flour-like powder.
Observation and Calculation:
Mullite powder Iron
powder
|
As Adhesion of powder to the finger
happened so the powder is fine, flour-like.
|
As Adhesion of powder to the finger
happened so the powder is fine, flour-like. |
3. 3. Adhesion
Test:
Three
types of papers are used,(filter paper ,gloss finished paper and printing
paper).pour a small portion of powder on each paper and remove
the powder by up-ending the paper
if powder stick in each paper it means that, the powder mesh size is smaller
than the paper mesh size. If powder flow, it means that powder mesh size is larger
than the paper mesh size. Some powder will flow and some will not.
Observation and Calculation
Mullite powder
Iron power
|
Paper used |
Paper size (Micron ) |
Powder retained |
|
Filter paper |
100 |
35-40% |
|
Gloss paper |
5 |
1.8% |
|
Printing paper |
20-40 |
25-30% |
|
Paper used |
Paper size (Micron ) |
Powder retained |
|
Filter paper |
100 |
12-13% |
|
Gloss paper |
5 |
2.5% |
|
Printing paper |
20-40 |
40-50% |
4. Flow Test:
Pour the powder into the test tube. Tapping the tube for few second then see the powder after tapping.
Observation and Calculation:
Mullite powder Iron powder
|
Flow is
a bit wave-like so it shows that the particles are fine in the powder |
Flow is a bit wave like so it shows that
most of the particles are fine in the powder |
5. Packing Test:
Firstly weighted the test tube. Fill the the2/3rd of the test tube with a sample of powder. Note the height of
the powder. Also, measure the mass of the powder. Tapping the test tube in 1
min. Note the decrease or increase in volume on tapping. Again note the mass of the powder.
And calculate the density.
Observation and Calculation:
Mullite
powder Iron
powder
|
Tube
weight=4.8g Tube
+powder weight=7.5g Powder weight=2.7g Initial
height=4.3cm Final
height=2.7cm (after tapping) =4.3-2.7cm =1.6cm Result
compaction (%) =(1.6/4.3)*100 =37.20%
|
|
Tube weight=4.8g Tube +powder weight=9g Powder weight=4.2g Initial height=1.7cm Final height=1.1cm
(after tapping)
=1.7-1.1cm
=0.6cm Result compaction (%) = (0.6/1.7)*100 =35.3%
|
6. Sedimentation Test:
Fill the tube with 5ml water then add same amount of water into it. Then calculate the time of settling.
Observation and Calculation:
Mullite powder Iron powder
|
Sr. no |
Mullite powder settling time (sec) |
Iron powder settling time (sec) |
|
1 |
10.5
sec |
11.5sec |
|
2 |
11.9
sec |
11.5sec |
|
3 |
10.5sec |
9sec |
|
Average |
10.8sec |
10.6sec |
1.7 Result: Mullite (3Al2O 3
.2SiO2 ) and (Fe) powders are performed by different tests and obtained
very fine and flour-like properties.
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